LONDON (Reuters) ? Three organizations will fight it out to take over the London Olympic press and broadcast centre after this year's Games with a fashion college among the ideas being put forward, the Olympic Park Legacy Company said on Thursday.
UK Fashion Hub, Oxylane Group and iCITY have been selected from 10 bidders to enter into detailed negotiations to take up tenancy of the building, which offers about 1 million square foot of commercial space, from early 2013.
"We have three dynamic bids focused on the creation of thousands of jobs and training opportunities," said Andrew Altman, chief executive of the Olympic Park Legacy Company.
UK Fashion Hub envisages a fashion and textile manufacturing centre with a fashion college while Oxylane Group would offer a leisure facility, a retail store and a technology centre.
iCITY plans an "Innovation City" featuring a cloud computing centre and a technology research base.
(Reporting by Michael Holden, editing by Mark Meadows)
Study finds that tumor cells can prevent cancer spreadPublic release date: 17-Jan-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Bonnie Prescott bprescot@bidmc.harvard.edu 617-667-7306 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Paradoxical discovery finds that a group of cells known as pericytes help prevent metastasis
BOSTON A new study finds that a group of little-explored cells in the tumor microenvironment likely serve as important gatekeepers against cancer progression and metastasis. Published in the January 17 issue of Cancer Cell, these findings suggest that anti-angiogenic therapies which shrink cancer by cutting off tumors' blood supply may inadvertently be making tumors more aggressive and likely to spread.
One approach to treating cancer targets angiogenesis, or blood vessel growth. In this new investigation, senior author Raghu Kalluri, MD, PhD, Chief of the Division of Matrix Biology at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) and Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School (HMS), wanted to find out if targeting a specific cell type, the pericyte, could inhibit tumor growth in the same way that other antiangiogenic drugs do. Pericytes are an important part of tissue vasculature, covering blood vessels and supporting their growth.
Kalluri and his colleagues began by creating mice genetically engineered to support drug-induced depletion of pericytes in growing tumors. They then deleted pericytes in implanted mouse breast cancer tumors, decreasing pericyte numbers by 60 percent. Compared with wild-type controls, they saw a 30 percent decrease in tumor volumes over 25 days. However, contrary to conventional clinical wisdom, the investigators found that the number of secondary lung tumors in the engineered mice had increased threefold compared to the control mice, indicating that the tumors had metastasized.
"If you just looked at tumor growth, the results were good," says Kalluri. "But when you looked at the whole picture, inhibiting tumor vessels was not controlling cancer progression. The cancer was, in fact, spreading."
To understand the mechanism behind this increased metastasis, Kalluri and his team examined the tumor's microenvironment to find out what changes were taking place at the molecular level. They found a fivefold percentage increase in hypoxic areas in tumors lacking pericytes. "This suggested to us that without supportive pericytes, the vasculature inside the tumor was becoming weak and leakyeven more so than it already is inside most tumorsand this was reducing the flow of oxygen to the tumor," explains Kalluri.
"Cancer cells respond to hypoxia by launching genetic survival programs," he adds. To that end, the investigators found evidence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a change that makes the cells more mobile, so they can travel through those leaky vessels to new locations, and makes them behave more like stem cells, so they are better able to survive. Experiments that demonstrated fivefold increases in protein markers of EMT showed that the cells had undergone the change. The team also found a fivefold increase in activation of Met, a receptor molecule that promotes cell migration and growth.
Importantly, the team found that these molecular changes occurred inside the smaller, pericyte-depleted tumors that had increased incidences of secondary tumors in the lungs in the mouse models. "This suggested that smaller tumors are shedding more cancer cells into the blood and causing more metastasis," says Kalluri. "We showed that a big tumor with good pericyte coverage is less metastatic than a smaller tumor of the same type with less pericyte coverage."
Because cancer therapies such as Imatinib, Sunitinib and others have been shown to decrease pericytes in tumors, the researchers' next step was to perform the same experiments in mice with primary tumors, only this time, using Imatinib and Sunitinib rather than genetic programs to decrease pericyte numbers. And while both Imatinib and Sunitinib caused a 70 percent pericyte depletion, the end results, stayed the same: metastasis increased threefold. "We showed that a big tumor with good pericyte coverage is less metastatic than a smaller tumor of the same type with less pericyte coverage," says Kalluri, who corroborated these findings in multiple types of cancer by repeating these same experiments with implanted renal cell carcinoma and melanoma tumors.
Additional experiments showed that combining pericyte-depleting drugs with the Met-inhibiting drug helped suppress EMT and metastasis.
Finally, to determine if the findings were relevant to patients, the scientists examined 130 breast cancer tumor samples of varying cancer stages and tumor sizes and compared pericyte levels with prognosis. They found that samples with low numbers of pericytes in tumor vasculature and high levels of Met expression correlated with the most deeply invasive cancers, distant metastasis and 5- and 10- year survival rates lower than 20 percent.
"These results are quite provocative and will influence clinical programs designed to target tumor angiogenesis," says Ronald A. DePinho, president of the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. "These impressive studies will inform and refine potential therapeutic approaches for many cancers."
Meanwhile, for Kalluri, the work suggests that certain assumptions about cancer must be revisited. "We must go back and audit the tumor and find out which cells play a protective role versus which cells promote growth and aggression," says Kalluri. "Not everything is black and white. There are some cells inside a tumor that are actually good in certain contexts."
###
Collaborators in this study include BIDMC investigators Vesselina Cooke and Valerie LeBleu (co-first authors) Doruk Keskin, Zainab Khan, Joyce O'Connell, Yingqi Teng, Michael Duncan, Liang Xie, Genta Maeda, Sylvia Vong, and Hikaru Sugimoto. Additional investigators Rafael Rocha, Aline Damascena, and Ricardo Brentani collaborated from Hospital A. C. Camargo in the National Institute of Oncogenomics of Brazil.
This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Kalluri is a Champalimaud investigator funded by the Champalimaud metastasis programme. Cooke is funded by a Ruth Kirschstein Post-doctoral fellowship. LeBleu is funded by an NIH training grant in gastroenterology. Duncan is funded by an NIH training grant in cancer biology, an NIH supplemental grant to support diversity, and a United Negro College Fund-Merck Postdoctoral Science Research Fellowship. Sugimoto is funded by an NIH research training grant in cardiovascular medicine. O'Connell is funded by the Department of Defense Breast Cancer Predoctoral Traineeship Award.
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center is a patient care, teaching and research affiliate of Harvard Medical School and ranks third in National Institutes of Health funding among independent hospitals nationwide. BIDMC is a clinical partner of the Joslin Diabetes Center and a research partner of the Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center. BIDMC is the official hospital of the Boston Red Sox. For more information, visit www.bidmc.org.
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?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Study finds that tumor cells can prevent cancer spreadPublic release date: 17-Jan-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Bonnie Prescott bprescot@bidmc.harvard.edu 617-667-7306 Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
Paradoxical discovery finds that a group of cells known as pericytes help prevent metastasis
BOSTON A new study finds that a group of little-explored cells in the tumor microenvironment likely serve as important gatekeepers against cancer progression and metastasis. Published in the January 17 issue of Cancer Cell, these findings suggest that anti-angiogenic therapies which shrink cancer by cutting off tumors' blood supply may inadvertently be making tumors more aggressive and likely to spread.
One approach to treating cancer targets angiogenesis, or blood vessel growth. In this new investigation, senior author Raghu Kalluri, MD, PhD, Chief of the Division of Matrix Biology at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) and Professor of Medicine at Harvard Medical School (HMS), wanted to find out if targeting a specific cell type, the pericyte, could inhibit tumor growth in the same way that other antiangiogenic drugs do. Pericytes are an important part of tissue vasculature, covering blood vessels and supporting their growth.
Kalluri and his colleagues began by creating mice genetically engineered to support drug-induced depletion of pericytes in growing tumors. They then deleted pericytes in implanted mouse breast cancer tumors, decreasing pericyte numbers by 60 percent. Compared with wild-type controls, they saw a 30 percent decrease in tumor volumes over 25 days. However, contrary to conventional clinical wisdom, the investigators found that the number of secondary lung tumors in the engineered mice had increased threefold compared to the control mice, indicating that the tumors had metastasized.
"If you just looked at tumor growth, the results were good," says Kalluri. "But when you looked at the whole picture, inhibiting tumor vessels was not controlling cancer progression. The cancer was, in fact, spreading."
To understand the mechanism behind this increased metastasis, Kalluri and his team examined the tumor's microenvironment to find out what changes were taking place at the molecular level. They found a fivefold percentage increase in hypoxic areas in tumors lacking pericytes. "This suggested to us that without supportive pericytes, the vasculature inside the tumor was becoming weak and leakyeven more so than it already is inside most tumorsand this was reducing the flow of oxygen to the tumor," explains Kalluri.
"Cancer cells respond to hypoxia by launching genetic survival programs," he adds. To that end, the investigators found evidence of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), a change that makes the cells more mobile, so they can travel through those leaky vessels to new locations, and makes them behave more like stem cells, so they are better able to survive. Experiments that demonstrated fivefold increases in protein markers of EMT showed that the cells had undergone the change. The team also found a fivefold increase in activation of Met, a receptor molecule that promotes cell migration and growth.
Importantly, the team found that these molecular changes occurred inside the smaller, pericyte-depleted tumors that had increased incidences of secondary tumors in the lungs in the mouse models. "This suggested that smaller tumors are shedding more cancer cells into the blood and causing more metastasis," says Kalluri. "We showed that a big tumor with good pericyte coverage is less metastatic than a smaller tumor of the same type with less pericyte coverage."
Because cancer therapies such as Imatinib, Sunitinib and others have been shown to decrease pericytes in tumors, the researchers' next step was to perform the same experiments in mice with primary tumors, only this time, using Imatinib and Sunitinib rather than genetic programs to decrease pericyte numbers. And while both Imatinib and Sunitinib caused a 70 percent pericyte depletion, the end results, stayed the same: metastasis increased threefold. "We showed that a big tumor with good pericyte coverage is less metastatic than a smaller tumor of the same type with less pericyte coverage," says Kalluri, who corroborated these findings in multiple types of cancer by repeating these same experiments with implanted renal cell carcinoma and melanoma tumors.
Additional experiments showed that combining pericyte-depleting drugs with the Met-inhibiting drug helped suppress EMT and metastasis.
Finally, to determine if the findings were relevant to patients, the scientists examined 130 breast cancer tumor samples of varying cancer stages and tumor sizes and compared pericyte levels with prognosis. They found that samples with low numbers of pericytes in tumor vasculature and high levels of Met expression correlated with the most deeply invasive cancers, distant metastasis and 5- and 10- year survival rates lower than 20 percent.
"These results are quite provocative and will influence clinical programs designed to target tumor angiogenesis," says Ronald A. DePinho, president of the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. "These impressive studies will inform and refine potential therapeutic approaches for many cancers."
Meanwhile, for Kalluri, the work suggests that certain assumptions about cancer must be revisited. "We must go back and audit the tumor and find out which cells play a protective role versus which cells promote growth and aggression," says Kalluri. "Not everything is black and white. There are some cells inside a tumor that are actually good in certain contexts."
###
Collaborators in this study include BIDMC investigators Vesselina Cooke and Valerie LeBleu (co-first authors) Doruk Keskin, Zainab Khan, Joyce O'Connell, Yingqi Teng, Michael Duncan, Liang Xie, Genta Maeda, Sylvia Vong, and Hikaru Sugimoto. Additional investigators Rafael Rocha, Aline Damascena, and Ricardo Brentani collaborated from Hospital A. C. Camargo in the National Institute of Oncogenomics of Brazil.
This study was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Kalluri is a Champalimaud investigator funded by the Champalimaud metastasis programme. Cooke is funded by a Ruth Kirschstein Post-doctoral fellowship. LeBleu is funded by an NIH training grant in gastroenterology. Duncan is funded by an NIH training grant in cancer biology, an NIH supplemental grant to support diversity, and a United Negro College Fund-Merck Postdoctoral Science Research Fellowship. Sugimoto is funded by an NIH research training grant in cardiovascular medicine. O'Connell is funded by the Department of Defense Breast Cancer Predoctoral Traineeship Award.
Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center is a patient care, teaching and research affiliate of Harvard Medical School and ranks third in National Institutes of Health funding among independent hospitals nationwide. BIDMC is a clinical partner of the Joslin Diabetes Center and a research partner of the Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center. BIDMC is the official hospital of the Boston Red Sox. For more information, visit www.bidmc.org.
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?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Non-invasive measurements of tricuspid valve anatomy can predict severity of valve leakagePublic release date: 18-Jan-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Abby Robinson abby@innovate.gatech.edu 404-385-3364 Georgia Institute of Technology Research News
An estimated 1.6 million Americans suffer moderate to severe leakage through their tricuspid valves, which are complex structures that allow blood to flow from the heart's upper right chamber to the ventricle. If left untreated, severe leakage can affect an individual's quality of life and can even lead to death.
A new study finds that the anatomy of the heart's tricuspid valve can be used to predict the severity of leakage in the valve, which is a condition called tricuspid regurgitation. The study, conducted by researchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, found that pulmonary arterial pressure, the size of the valve opening and papillary muscle position measurements could be used to predict the severity of an individual's tricuspid regurgitation.
"By being able to identify and measure an individual's particular tricuspid valve anatomical features that we have shown are correlated with increased leakage, clinicians should be able to better target their repair efforts and create more durable repairs," said Ajit Yoganathan, Regents' professor in the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University.
The study was published in the January issue of the journal Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging. Funding for this work was provided by the American Heart Association and a donation from Tom and Shirley Gurley.
Yoganathan and recent Coulter Department doctoral graduate Erin Spinner teamed with Stamatios Lerakis, a professor of medicine (cardiology), radiology and imaging sciences at Emory University, to non-invasively collect 3-D echocardiograms from 64 individuals who exhibited assorted grades of tricuspid leakage. Subjects included 20 individuals with "trace," 13 with "mild," 17 with "moderate" and 14 with "severe" tricuspid regurgitation. The subjects with "mild" to "severe" leakage exhibited a mix of isolated right, isolated left, and both right and left ventricle dilation.
From the 3-D echocardiography images of the heart they collected, the researchers measured (1) the area of the annulus, which is the fibrous ring that surrounds the tricuspid valve opening; (2) the distance between the annulus and the three right ventricle papillary muscles, which keep the valve shut when the ventricle contracts; and (3) the position of the papillary muscles with respect to the center of the annulus. The clinicians also measured pulmonary arterial pressure using standard clinical methods and assessed the grade of tricuspid regurgitation from "trace" to "severe" with color Doppler imaging.
In collaboration with Emir Veledar, an assistant professor and statistician in the Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, the researchers found statistical differences between individuals with ventricular dilation and the control subjects in the parameters of pulmonary arterial pressure, annulus area and papillary muscle displacement. They also found that all three factors were correlated with the grade of tricuspid regurgitation.
"This study's use of advanced cardiovascular imaging, and more specifically 3-D echocardiography, provided new insight into the pathophysiology of tricuspid regurgitation and a good understanding as to why current surgical treatments for tricuspid regurgitation are not good enough," explained Lerakis. "I believe this study will change the focus and direction of future surgical therapies for tricuspid regurgitation only to make them better and more durable."
Based on the findings of this study, said Lerakis, future surgical therapies should not only be focused on the tricuspid annulus, but on the entire tricuspid valve apparatus, including the tricuspid valve papillary muscles and their three-dimensional location within the apparatus.
Individuals in the study with left ventricle dilation exhibited significant displacement of one of the papillary muscles and patients with both ventricles dilated had significant displacement of two papillary muscles. Subjects with right ventricle dilation showed significant displacement of all three papillary muscles.
The researchers also found that patients with a dilated right ventricle were more likely to have a dilated annulus and exhibited the highest pulmonary arterial pressures and highest levels of tricuspid regurgitation. However, not all patients with a dilated right ventricle had significant increases in annulus area, providing evidence that the right ventricle may become dilated without the annulus being affected.
"We think an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure caused geometric changes in the ventricle, which resulted in alterations to the annulus and papillary muscles," explained Yoganathan. "The combination of displacement of all three papillary muscles and annular dilatation may account for the patients with isolated right ventricle dilatation having the largest percentage of severe tricuspid regurgitation."
Knowing which parameters are responsible for significant tricuspid regurgitation and having a non-invasive imaging technique to measure these parameters should help clinicians target repairs to the specific cause of an individual's tricuspid leakage, according to Yoganathan.
In future studies, the researchers plan to study papillary muscle displacements in individuals with specific diseases to see if different disease manifestations exhibit different characteristics.
"Although it has long been accepted that pulmonary hypertension may result in tricuspid regurgitation, this study is one of the first to provide a clinical correlation between the two," said Yoganathan, who is also the Wallace H. Coulter Distinguished Faculty Chair in Biomedical Engineering. "We want to know whether treating an individual's pulmonary hypertension, and thus decreasing one's pulmonary arterial pressure, can reverse the geometric changes that are causing tricuspid regurgitation and return the annulus and papillary muscles to their original positions."
###
Emory University sonographers Jason Higginson, Maria Pernetz and Sharon Howell also contributed to the study.
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Non-invasive measurements of tricuspid valve anatomy can predict severity of valve leakagePublic release date: 18-Jan-2012 [ | E-mail | Share ]
Contact: Abby Robinson abby@innovate.gatech.edu 404-385-3364 Georgia Institute of Technology Research News
An estimated 1.6 million Americans suffer moderate to severe leakage through their tricuspid valves, which are complex structures that allow blood to flow from the heart's upper right chamber to the ventricle. If left untreated, severe leakage can affect an individual's quality of life and can even lead to death.
A new study finds that the anatomy of the heart's tricuspid valve can be used to predict the severity of leakage in the valve, which is a condition called tricuspid regurgitation. The study, conducted by researchers from the Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, found that pulmonary arterial pressure, the size of the valve opening and papillary muscle position measurements could be used to predict the severity of an individual's tricuspid regurgitation.
"By being able to identify and measure an individual's particular tricuspid valve anatomical features that we have shown are correlated with increased leakage, clinicians should be able to better target their repair efforts and create more durable repairs," said Ajit Yoganathan, Regents' professor in the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University.
The study was published in the January issue of the journal Circulation: Cardiovascular Imaging. Funding for this work was provided by the American Heart Association and a donation from Tom and Shirley Gurley.
Yoganathan and recent Coulter Department doctoral graduate Erin Spinner teamed with Stamatios Lerakis, a professor of medicine (cardiology), radiology and imaging sciences at Emory University, to non-invasively collect 3-D echocardiograms from 64 individuals who exhibited assorted grades of tricuspid leakage. Subjects included 20 individuals with "trace," 13 with "mild," 17 with "moderate" and 14 with "severe" tricuspid regurgitation. The subjects with "mild" to "severe" leakage exhibited a mix of isolated right, isolated left, and both right and left ventricle dilation.
From the 3-D echocardiography images of the heart they collected, the researchers measured (1) the area of the annulus, which is the fibrous ring that surrounds the tricuspid valve opening; (2) the distance between the annulus and the three right ventricle papillary muscles, which keep the valve shut when the ventricle contracts; and (3) the position of the papillary muscles with respect to the center of the annulus. The clinicians also measured pulmonary arterial pressure using standard clinical methods and assessed the grade of tricuspid regurgitation from "trace" to "severe" with color Doppler imaging.
In collaboration with Emir Veledar, an assistant professor and statistician in the Rollins School of Public Health at Emory University, the researchers found statistical differences between individuals with ventricular dilation and the control subjects in the parameters of pulmonary arterial pressure, annulus area and papillary muscle displacement. They also found that all three factors were correlated with the grade of tricuspid regurgitation.
"This study's use of advanced cardiovascular imaging, and more specifically 3-D echocardiography, provided new insight into the pathophysiology of tricuspid regurgitation and a good understanding as to why current surgical treatments for tricuspid regurgitation are not good enough," explained Lerakis. "I believe this study will change the focus and direction of future surgical therapies for tricuspid regurgitation only to make them better and more durable."
Based on the findings of this study, said Lerakis, future surgical therapies should not only be focused on the tricuspid annulus, but on the entire tricuspid valve apparatus, including the tricuspid valve papillary muscles and their three-dimensional location within the apparatus.
Individuals in the study with left ventricle dilation exhibited significant displacement of one of the papillary muscles and patients with both ventricles dilated had significant displacement of two papillary muscles. Subjects with right ventricle dilation showed significant displacement of all three papillary muscles.
The researchers also found that patients with a dilated right ventricle were more likely to have a dilated annulus and exhibited the highest pulmonary arterial pressures and highest levels of tricuspid regurgitation. However, not all patients with a dilated right ventricle had significant increases in annulus area, providing evidence that the right ventricle may become dilated without the annulus being affected.
"We think an increase in pulmonary arterial pressure caused geometric changes in the ventricle, which resulted in alterations to the annulus and papillary muscles," explained Yoganathan. "The combination of displacement of all three papillary muscles and annular dilatation may account for the patients with isolated right ventricle dilatation having the largest percentage of severe tricuspid regurgitation."
Knowing which parameters are responsible for significant tricuspid regurgitation and having a non-invasive imaging technique to measure these parameters should help clinicians target repairs to the specific cause of an individual's tricuspid leakage, according to Yoganathan.
In future studies, the researchers plan to study papillary muscle displacements in individuals with specific diseases to see if different disease manifestations exhibit different characteristics.
"Although it has long been accepted that pulmonary hypertension may result in tricuspid regurgitation, this study is one of the first to provide a clinical correlation between the two," said Yoganathan, who is also the Wallace H. Coulter Distinguished Faculty Chair in Biomedical Engineering. "We want to know whether treating an individual's pulmonary hypertension, and thus decreasing one's pulmonary arterial pressure, can reverse the geometric changes that are causing tricuspid regurgitation and return the annulus and papillary muscles to their original positions."
###
Emory University sonographers Jason Higginson, Maria Pernetz and Sharon Howell also contributed to the study.
[ | E-mail | Share ]
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
MANILA, Philippines ? The Philippine Senate has begun an impeachment trial of the Supreme Court chief justice, who has been accused of corruption and blocking the prosecution of detained former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo.
Senate President Juan Ponce Enrile promised Monday an impartial and fair trial for Chief Justice Renato Corona. Corona was impeached by the House of Representatives last month on allegations that include a bias for Arroyo, who has been detained on electoral fraud charges.
Corona is attending the trial. He earlier declared in a speech before Supreme Court employees that he would fight to prove his innocence and defend the court's independence.
MONDAY, Jan. 16 (HealthDay News) -- Variations in a certain gene can make people more or less sensitive to the taste of fat and affect their risk for obesity, researchers report.
The team at the Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis studied 21 obese people and found that those with a particular variant of the CD36 gene were far more sensitive to the taste of fat.
This is the first study to identify a receptor on human tongues that can taste fat. The finding was recently published in the Journal of Lipid Research.
"The ultimate goal is to understand how our perception of fat in food might influence what foods we eat and the quantities of fat that we consume," senior investigator Nada Abumrad, a professor of medicine and obesity research, said in a university news release.
"In this study, we've found one potential reason for individual variability in how people sense fat. It may be, as was shown recently, that as people consume more fat, they become less sensitive to it, requiring more intake for the same satisfaction. What we will need to determine in the future is whether our ability to detect fat in foods influences our fat intake, which clearly would have an impact on obesity," Abumrad noted.
Previous research found that rats and mice without a working CD36 gene no longer had a preference for fatty foods and that animals that can't make the CD36 protein have difficulty digesting fat.
It's believed that up to 20 percent of people have a CD36 gene variant that's associated with making significantly less CD36 protein. This, in turn, could make them less sensitive to the presence of fat in food, the researchers said.
More information
The U.S. National Institutes of Health has more about dietary fats.
ATHENS (Reuters) ? Germany is optimistic about the outcome of a bond swap deal aimed at slashing Greece's towering debt pile, Germany's foreign minister said during a visit to Athens Sunday which he said brought a message of solidarity.
Pressure is mounting on Athens to complete a deal with private bondholders to cut its debt to more sustainable levels and convince its international lenders to keep giving it the cash it needs. Without aid, Athens would default in March when it has to redeem 14.5 billion in bonds.
Foreign Minister Guido Westerwelle's visit came two days after talks on private sector debt modification broke down, pushing Athens closer to default.
"Discussions (on the bond swap) are difficult but with good faith they will reach a good result," Westerwelle said after a meeting with his Greek counterpart Stavros Dimas.
"It is very important that we give negotiations and packages a realistic chance," he said.
Germany has repeatedly urged Greece to meet the fiscal conditions set out by its lenders - the European Union and the International Monetary Fund - but Westerwelle said Germany would stand ready to help.
"Germany will help so that there will be better days ahead," Westerwelle said, speaking through an interpreter. "My visit brings a message of solidarity."
Friday, Standard & Poor's downgraded the credit ratings of nine euro zone countries, stripping France and Austria of their coveted triple-A status but not EU paymaster Germany.
"It is time for Europe to prove it is able to tackle the issue of credit ratings agencies," Westerwelle said.
(Reporting by George Georgiopoulos; Editing by Karolina Tagaris and Peter Graff)
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This weekend's MacUpdate Promo offers 50% off HealthNut 1.4.3. "HealthNut makes it easy to keep track of your diet, calorie and nutrient intake. Use it daily to reach your health goal - whether it be fat loss, muscle gain or weight maintenance." As well, due to incredible response, PDFpenPro 5.6.2 at 50% off at $49.95 has been extended through the weekend. "PDFpenPro allows users to edit PDF's easily. Add text, images and signatures. Fill out PDF forms. Merge or split PDF documents. Reorder and delete pages. Even correct text and edit graphics!"
Forbes writer says Siri is all hype, will soon be forgotten. Agree, disagree?
Cast your vote in "Today's Poll..." in the left column below or go straight to the results here.
Sunday Highlights: Pros and Amateur analysts alike see big Q1 iPhone sales, possibly even 106% increase from previous quarters; Computerworld's Darlene Storm reports on a hack which reveals Apple, Nokia and RIM may be supplying governments with "backdoors" allowing data interception; and the Jakarta Post on how to cope with "hidden costs" of a new Mac; CES news from MacRumors, while Vizio is about to shake up the low-priced PC market similar to what they did with TVs; ultrabooks announced at CES likely to feature Intel's Ivy Bridge chips; an executive at Microsoft admits Windows Phone was redesigned thanks to iPhone; meanwhile Microsoft at work developing "Vermeer", which is a 360? holo-display which you can touch; Ghacks asks if Windows 8 tablets' expected interface will bring IT hate toward Microsoft.
Saturday Highlights: Mike Elgan lays out how he sees Apple and Google doing for television what they did for mobile phones?a takeover; continuing on the TV theme, UK's Daily Mail, The Motley Fool also see the battle for internet TV being between Apple and Google; ZDNet's Charlie Osborne has an update on the group of Chinese writers looking to sue Apple for "illegal sale of their work through the Apple App Store"; ifoAppleStore analyzes Apple's expansion in Target stores noting Apple providing "sales, not service"; new survey suggests Apple to see 50% 2012 growth in enterprise spending on Apple products; The Register report on what smartphones are the biggest data hogs; PadGadget on how to avoid paid reviews.
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"Steve Jobs Doll Legal After All"?App Advice?8:05 PM
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"CES 2012 Kicks off Next Week: Gorilla Glass, Vizio, Windows Phone, Ultrabooks"?MacRumors?8:21 AM
"Week in Apple: developer wishes, iBooks changes, and more"?Ars Technica?1/7
"Survey suggests 50% growth in enterprise spending on Apple products in 2012"?AppleInsider?1/7
"Official: The smartphones that suck much more than others/3G networks are straining to support the demands of punters as their shiny new smartphones demand more and more information from the internet, says a Report by British firm Arieso. iPhone 4S users use twice as much data as iPhone 4 users, and three times as much as iPhone 3G users."?The Register?1/7
"Apple to take a bite out of Destin? Computer giant is hiring for a 'store-in-a-store'"?The Destin Log?1/7
"Apple's iPhone 4S Rings In The Year Of The Dragon: China is now Apple's second largest market after the US, while it sales volume overtook Lenovo, the world's third-biggest PC maker"?Music Dish?1/7
"Apple Dominates Competitors on App Revenue"?PC Magazine?1/6
"Apple said to threaten legal action over Steve Jobs doll: Chinese action-figure maker committing a 'criminal offense'?"?The Register?1/6
"Don't blame the iPhone 4S if your network is congested"?Fortune?1/6
"The iPhone 4S gulps twice as much data as iPhone 4"?GigaOM?1/6
"Apple's Voice Recognition Siri Doubles IPhone Data Volumes"?Bloomberg?1/6
"Siri On iPhone 4S Dramatically Increases Data Consumption"?AppleBitch?1/6
"New Zealander takes on Apple" ["The Apple Corporation has told Hayden Crowther it may object to his use of the word driPhone to market a waterproof and shockproof phone case for Apple's iPhones and Google's Android smartphones. ... He received a letter yesterday from a Wellington patent attorney, instructed by the world's biggest technology company, telling him it wanted more time to consider objecting to the name of his product, launched in May last year."]?Fairfax NZ News?1/6
"Samsung topples Apple with its smartphone sales"?CNN?1/6
"Apple pays $5m to settle Elan patent suit"?CNET News?1/6
"Asian Apple Fans Cheer On Apple's All-New Red Friday Sale in Asia"?Patently Apple?1/6
"China Unicom Offers Free IPhone 4S for Users Who Sign Multiyear Contracts"?Bloomberg?1/6
"Apple's iPhone 4S to hit stores next week"?China Daily?1/6
"These iPhone Camera Add Ons Will Take Your Photography Game To A Whole New Level" [Slideshow]?Business Insider?1/6
"iPad Survives 100,000 Foot Fall With G-Form Case"?iDownload Blog?1/6
"The Most Phenomenal Way to Use An iPad 2 On The Subway"?M.I.C. Gadget?1/6
Non-Apple News
"Samsung Reports record quarterly profit on strong mobile handset sales"?Edible Apple?1/7
"Barnes & Noble: Stores, Nook to have 'tight' links"?MarketWatch?1/6
"BlackBerry bug continues to brick handsets"?ZDNet?1/6
"Fusion-io demos billion IOPS server config: Fusion-io has achieved a billion IOPS from eight servers in a demonstration at the DEMO Enterprise event in San Francisco."?The Register?1/6
"E-Fun Announces Android Tablet and Digital Pen"?PC Magazine?1/6
"Pioneer Announces Thin, Light External Blu-ray Burner"?PC Magazine?1/6
"New virus raids your bank account - but you won't notice"?MSNBC?1/6
"Sony to launch flash cards with 125Mbps write speeds: The Japanese electronics giant will be the first to launch memory cards under the new XQD standard"?IDG News Service?1/6
"The hot tech gig of 2022: Data scientist"?Fortune?1/6
"Symantec confirms source code leak in two enterprise security products: Hacking group discloses source code segments used in Symantec's Endpoint Protection 11.0 and Antivirus 10.2"?Computerworld?1/6
"New Denial Of Service Attack Cripples Servers Slowly"?InformationWeek?1/6
"Samsung Quarterly Profit Rises as Galaxy Phones Lure Consumers From Apple"?Bloomberg?1/6
"CES outing for 'world's thinnest' tablet, Ultrabook, says Toshiba"?Register Hardware?1/6
"Trendnet showcases first 802.11ac products at CES 2012"?CNET?1/6
"Ford to open Silicon Valley lab: Ford to open Silicon Valley lab to scout out new car technology"?Associated Press?1/6
"Zynga kicks off new year with 'Hidden Chronicles,' 'Scramble with Friends'"?Washington Post [Free Registration Required]?1/6
"Facebook about to launch Actions, the final piece of its plan for frictionless sharing"?VentureBeat [Free Registration Required]?1/6
"Corning's Gorilla Glass 2 Coming to CES"?PC Magazine?1/6
"New Yahoo Chief Rallies Troops With Talk of Innovation"?WSJ.com [Paid Membership Required]?1/6
"Google Made 30 Search Quality Improvements in December"?eWeek?1/6
"Code Year draws 200,000 aspiring programmers"?CNNMoney?1/6
"Warning: All That Free Spotify Music You've Been Enjoying Is Going To End Soon"?Business Insider?1/6
"CES: Corning To Unveil Gorilla Glass 2 (The Sequel!)"?Forbes?1/6
"Siri Sibling Trapit Raises $6.2 Million Series A From Horizons"?TechCrunch?1/6
"Fusion-io passes one billion IOPS barrier thanks to better software, not hardware"?The Verge?1/6
"HTC Has First Profit Drop in Two Years on IPhone Competition"?Bloomberg?1/6
Publications/Podcasts
"The beginning of QuickTime" ["I have posted an excerpt from my book 'Timeline' that details the early days of QuickTime at Apple and the story of Ampex setting out to buy Avid."]?John Buck?1/7
"Gene Steinberg meets Adam Engst of TidBITS, Sean Brown of Sonic Foundry, and Dan Moren of Macworld this week on The Tech Night Owl LIVE"?The Tech Night Owl LIVE?1/6
"iWake With AppAdvice For Friday Now Available"?App Advice?1/6
"The iPhone 4S Jailbreak: What We Know So Far"?iDownload Blog?9:07 PM
"Foxconn Cuts Prices to Retain Orders for iPhones and iPads"?M.I.C. Gadget?1/7
"Apple iOS 5.1 beta code hints at quad-core iPad, iPhone"?Los Angeles Times [Free Registration Required]?1/6
"Apple projected to reach 116M iPhone, 55M iPad sales in 2012"?AppleInsider?1/6
"Report: Apple to launch 'full HD' iPad 3 in March, followed by iPad 4 in October"?9 to 5 Mac?1/6
"Code references in Apple's iOS 5.1 Beta points to quad-core iOS devices"?The Next Web?1/6
"Support For Quad-Core iDevices Found In iOS 5.1 Beta Code"?TechCrunch?1/6
"iMessage bug swats iPhone owners who switch to Android"?ZDNet Australia?1/6
"Update On First Generation iPod Nano Replacement Program"?AppleBitch?1/6
"Apple Reinvents the Ionic Wind Generator Cooling System"?Patently Apple?1/6
"Shipping Delays Hit All Mac Pro Models In European Apple Stores"?Apple Bitch?1/6
"Safari owns over 50% of mobile browser marketshare"?Edible Apple?1/6
AppleCare/Helps
"Just purchased a brand new iMac i7 with Lion operating system. When I turn on my iMac, I have no sound, and the mute box is checked, and another box shows no input or output. I need to reboot my computer every morning. Sometimes works and sometimes not. Spoke to a tech 5 times with no success. Now becoming a nuisance. I have tried to uncheck the mute box, but it is darkened"?MacInTouch?1/7
Price Trackers/Deals
"PadGadget Daily App Deal ? 10 iPad Apps on Sale"?PadGadget?8:22 AM
"Current For iPhone And iPad Is Free Right Now (Previously $1.99)"?Apple Sliced?1/7
"Wooords For iPhone And iPad Is Free Today (Was $1.99)"?Apple Sliced?1/7
"The Mac Version Of A Monster Ate My Homework Is Temporarily Available For Free (Normally $2.99)"?Apple Sliced?1/7
"Apimac releases the new version of iDatabase for Mac" ["Below a special -50% Discount Coupon for "iDatabase - Single User" for your readers. Discount code: APIDSCT50IDATA"]?Apimac?1/7
"20% off iTunes gift cards at BestBuy (Digitial Delivery)"?9 to 5 Mac?1/7
"Apple Mac Pro Buyer's Guide -12 & 8 Core Models... Save Up To $260 On Current Machines"?MacReviewZone?1/7
"2011 Apple iMac Buyer's Guide -21.5 Inch -Up To $250 Off Current Models"?MacReviewZone?1/7
"Apple MacBook Pro Buyer's Guide -17 Inch Models -Up to $200 Off Current Models"?MacReviewZone?1/7
"PadGadget Daily App Deal ? 12 iPad Apps on Sale"?PadGadget?1/7
"Inertia: Escape Velocity For iPhone Is Free Right Now (Previously $1.99)"?Apple Sliced?1/6
"RC Plane 2 For iPhone And iPad Is Free Today (Was $0.99)"?Apple Sliced?1/6
"ZombiePanic For iPhone Is Temporarily Available For Free (Normally $1.99)"?Apple Sliced?1/6
"PadGadget Daily App Deal ? 11 iPad Apps on Sale"?PadGadget?1/6
"13" MacBook Pro Prices & Deals"?MacPrices?1/6
"15" MacBook Pro Prices & Sales"?MacPrices?1/6
"17" MacBook Pro Prices & Current Bundles"?MacPrices?1/6
"iPad Buyer's Guide -Prices Up To $100 Off Original Price -Best iPad Prices Reviews & Information"?MacReviewZone?1/6
"Your iPad typing might not be as bad as you think"?iTWire?8:05 PM
"Cassandra -Monday Review: It Will Soon be Friday"?eXtensions?6:28 PM
"Apple apps still crushing 'green robot army'?for now anyway"?Appolicious?6:27 PM
"Three Ways that Samsung is Copying Apple"?Yahoo! News?6:27 PM
"Will The Next Generation iPhone Look As Good As This Mockup?"?App Advice?2:52 PM
"MacOS KenDensed: Apple's Textbook Rumors & Creepy Steve Jobs Dolls"?The Mac Observer?12:54 PM
"Microsoft exec admits Windows Phone was response to Apple's iPhone"?AppleInsider?1/7
"How did copying Apple work for Microsoft? How did not copying Apple work for Microsoft?"?Brian Hall?1/7
"Apple to Release an iPad 4 in October? iThinknot"?PC Magazine?1/7
"Vizio vs. Apple: The Battle of the 'Ultrabooks'"?PC Magazine?1/7
"Fact Or Myth: Killing Apps In The iOS Multitasking Bar Boosts Performance"?App Advice?1/7
"The Macalope Weekly: Same as it ever was"?Macworld?1/7
"Why Paid Reviews are Bad for Consumers and Developers, and How to Avoid Them"?PadGadget?1/7
"Apple will continue to earn majority of app download revenue in 2012"?BGR?1/6
"Friday Night Fights: Is Samsung Really Copying Apple?"?Cult of Android?1/6
"Target Can't Win Shoppers With Apple -- You Said It"?TheStreet?1/6
"A detailed Video breakdown of iOS multitasking shows you don't need to kill your apps"?The Next Web?1/6
"Spaghetti Against the Wall" ["In what regard can Apple be considered behind Samsung, other than unit sales ? a metric Apple has never shown interest in as a primary priority? Apple is after profit share, not unit share."]?Daring Fireball?1/6
"Target Can't Win Shoppers With Apple -- You Said It"?TheStreet?1/6
"Particle Debris: Jet-Propelled Tidbits and the White Stallion"?The Mac Observer?1/6
"Ad network numbers suggest Apple's iPad had a massive Christmas"?MacDailyNews?1/6
"2011 smartphones by the numbers: Samsung v. Apple"?GigaOM?1/6
"Tech fashionista? What your iPhone, iPad says about your style"?CBS News?1/6
"Happy 10th Birthday, 'Luxo Jr' iMac G4!"?Low End Mac?1/6
"The Macalope Daily: The waiting is the hardest part"?Macworld [Insider Content]?1/6
"What Could Apple Be Planning For Rumored 'Media-Related Event'?"?MacNews?1/6
"Is Siri Really a Data Hog on iPhone 4S?"?PCWorld?1/6
"5 Ways that Steve Jobs, Steve Denning, and Peggy Noonan are Dead Wrong"?Forbes?1/6
"Apple Reportedly to open new stores within selected Target outlets this year"?The Next Web?1/6
"The next Steve Jobs is: Kanye West/Hip-hop star launches design institute stuffed with dope ... minds"?The Register?1/6
"Block that Apple metaphor: Is someone seriously suggesting that the company has 'jumped the shark'?"?Fortune?1/6
"'iPad 3 coming March and iPad 4 in October' - Rumor mill recycles failed 2011 rumor"?ZDNet?1/6
"Yup, the iPad 4 Rumors Have Begun"?Techland?1/6
"iPad 3 rumored, believe it or not, for March"?Mac.Blorge?1/6
"Apple 2012 Expectation #2: AirPlay Server and iTunes Concert Streaming Channel"?desinformado?1/6
Non-Apple
"The Inside Story of India's $50 Computer Tablet"?WSJ Blogs?12:54 PM
"Money? We don't need your stinking money"?Tech.Blorge?9:45 AM
"Louis C.K.'s lesson for marketers: Honesty is the best strategy"?GigaOM?1/6
"Do You Really Need an Unlimited Data Plan?"?Yahoo! News?1/6
"Two Weeks with Ooma: Quasi-Free Phone Service Never Sounded So Good"?HotHardware?1/6
"Rooting Android Part 3: A taste of despair, and of victory"?ZDNet UK?1/6
"RIM still misses the point with BlackBerry 10"?ZDNet?1/6
"Initial impressions of the T-Mobile Nokia Lumia 710 (video and gallery)"?ZDNet?1/6
"HTC: It can and will get worse"?ZDNet?1/6
"A GeekMom's 34 Goals for 2012"?Wired?1/6
"Talking Your Tech: 2012 resolutions"?USA Today?1/6
"Sprint's Data Plans Not Quite 'Truly Unlimited'"?PC Magazine?1/6
"Early access: Putting PS Vita to the test" [Video Report]?MSNBC?1/6
"3 big screw-ups you can expect from cloud providers in 2012"?InfoWorld?1/6
"Cloud Computing Skills in Demand, Even Among Non-IT Positions"?Forbes?1/6
"3G, 4G Handsets to Claim More Than 50% of Handsets in 2012: ABI"?eWeek?1/6
"Fedora, Mint, openSUSE, Ubuntu: Which Linux desktop is for you? We look at the top four Linux distributions to find out which is right for which users."?Computerworld?1/6
"More tablets, PCs, and TVs to adopt AMOLED displays"?CNET News?1/6
"AT&T's Super-fast HTC Vivid Android Smartphone: Contributor Gary Krakow explores the HTC Vivid smartphone - one of the first to run on AT&T's amazingly speedy 4G/LTE network." [Video Report]?TheStreet?1/6
"CES 2012: 5 trends that will matter this year"?VentureBeat [Free Registration Required]?1/6
"5 Reasons Google Should Buy Nook"?Forbes?1/6
Humor/Cartoons
"iCade Drops the Cabinet; New iPhone Version Also Coming"?Touch Arcade?8:05 PM
"Belkin Bringing Mobile TV to Lots Of Cell Phones, but Will Anyone Tune In?"?AllThingsD?6:27 PM
"Madgarden's 'Saucelifter! Heavy Disc' Gets iCade Support"?Touch Arcade?5:58 PM
"Defend your zone with Defense Zone for iOS"?AppleTell?5:48 PM
"Making an iPhone Even More Child-Friendly"?New York Times [Free/Paid Registration Required]?5:36 PM
"iPhone Carabiner Clip Is Pointless Hipster Wear"?iPhone Savior?5:32 PM
"Looks Like Mobile Dtv Will Be Coming To iOS 'Soon' Thanks To Elgato"?Macenstein?2:53 PM
"Pangea releases Nucleus for iOS, sale price of $0.99"?AppleTell?2:52 PM
"Play A Calming Game Of Match Three With Zen Lotus"?App Advice?2:16 PM
"Microsoft Looking to Bring Xbox LIVE Gaming to iOS"?iDownload Blog?2:16 PM
"Xbox Live gaming coming to iOS and Android?"?Geek?8:38 AM
"Samsung and Best Buy choose Appolicious to power app discovery"?Appolicious?8:28 AM
"Blue launching a range of high quality digital iPhone and iPad microphones"?iMore?8:28 AM
"iMore Asks: What do you want to see at CES 2012?"?iMore?8:28 AM
"Movl SwipeIt streams content from iOS and Android to Samsung Smart TVs, but is it an official Samsung app?"?The Verge?8:27 AM
"Kaenaa Corp releases Hungry Yogi game for iPhone, iPod touch and iPad"?prMac?5:59 PM
"How to Convert MOV to Nokia Video Format"?prMac?8:22 AM
"Blue Microphones Announces Mikey Digital Microphone for iPhone, iPad, and iPod"?iClarified?8:15 AM
"Nikon's New D-SLR Camera Can Be Controlled With An iOS Device"?App Advice?8:06 AM
"Updates to Grid Lens, Big Lens, Super 8 and Other Apps"?eXtensions?7:34 AM
"Frequency? For iPad: Your Guide To The Best In Web Video"?RazorianFly?1/7
"Disney Reports 40% jump in iOS downloads from holiday 2010"?TUAW?1/7
"How to Easily Clear iOS 5 Lock Screen Notifications With Ipsum"?iDownload Blog?1/7
"Sanho Launches CloudFTP - Lets Any USB Device Share with Apple iPad, iPhone, WiFi Devices & the Cloud"?Thomas PR?1/7
"Motor Sport App Updated for Newsstand but Not Getting off the Starting Grid"?eXtensions?1/7
"Design your own iPhone 4 and 4S Case from Case Hut"?prMac?1/7
Why Are Android Based Smartphones Bigger Than iPhone? iphonehacks.com/2012/01/why-ar? 
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